@conference {148,
	title = {Analisis Metapopulasi Dan Prediksi Kepunahan Lokal Macan Tutul Jawa (Panthera pardus  melas  Cuvier, 1809) Di Jawa Tengah (Metapopulation Analyses And  Prediction Of Local Extinction Of Javan Leopard (Panthera pardus melas Cuvier, 1809) in Central Java Pr},
	booktitle = {s},
	year = {2013},
	publisher = {Fakultas Biologi Unsoed},
	organization = {Fakultas Biologi Unsoed},
	address = {Purwokerto, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia},
	abstract = {Population of Javan leopard in Central Java Province has been fragmented due to human activities and local development (e.g. forest encroachment, forest exploitation, road development, irrigation canals, dams, electricity network, plantation estate and settlements). The population has been fragmented into smaller sub-populations and is vulnerable to local extinction.   Understanding the metapopulation ecology of this species is therefore a  good approach to manage the whole population in a landscape scale.  The objectives of this research were to record spatially the Javan leopard population distribution; to identify metapopulation types of Javan leopard; and to predict the risk of local extinction of each population.  The methods of this research were included GPS survey for population mapping; questionnaire survey for complementing data of Javan leopard distribution; overlay GPS coordinates of the population distribution with land cover, forest status and forest production management units and Comparison between factual distribution pattern  with metapopulation types described by Hanski \& Simberloff (1997) and Harrison \& Taylor (1997).  This research discovered one classic  metapopulation (5 sub populations) (10.4\%); one mainland-islands metapopulation (11 sub populations) (22.9\%); sic  non equilibrium metapopulations (15 sub populations) (31.3\%) and three patchy metapopulations (17 sub populations) (35.4\%).  Due to the tipes of metapopulation there are eight populations (17\%) have high risk of local extinction due to small and isolated habitat or serious degradation; 19 populations (39\%) have medium risk  due to isolated but  wide habitat; obstructed in connectivity; minor degradation and threat from human and 21 populations (44\%) have low risk due to  high suitability of habitat and low vulnerability to disturbance. },
	keywords = {extinction, fragmentation, leopard, metapopulation, panthera pardus melas},
	author = {Hendra Gunawan and Lilik B Prasetyo and Ani Mardiastuti and Agus P. Kartono}
}
@conference {149,
	title = {Habitat Preference Of Javan Leopard (Panthera pardus  melas  Cuvier, 1809) In  Central  Java,  Indonesia},
	booktitle = {Seminar Nasional ke-22 Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia},
	year = {2013},
	publisher = {Fakultas Biologi Unsoed},
	organization = {Fakultas Biologi Unsoed},
	address = {Purwokerto, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia},
	abstract = {Javan leopards (Panthera pardus  melas  Cuvier, 1809) do not occupy their habitat randomly but they select their preferred habitat.  Patterns of population distribution indicate that Javan leopards prefer to certain characteristics of habitat components.  It is hypothesized that Javan leopards make selections on vegetation types, slope, elevation, climate and prey.   The objectives of this research were to test habitat selections in Javan leopard, to identify preferences of Javan leopard to habitat components and to provide recommendations for habitat management of Javan leopard.  The methods of this research were included spatial operation to overlay map of population distribution and vegetation types; elevation; slope; climate; and prey availability classes.  Chi-square test was applied for testing the significance of habitat selections.  Neu method was used to test the preferences of each habitat component. The result showed that Javan leopards do not occupy their habitat randomly.  They select several environment components for their habitat. Javan leopard has preferences to certain habitat components with certain characteristics.  Information on habitat preferences of Javan leopard are necessary for managing its habitat and improving its welfare.  There is a correlation between habitat preferences with survival which indicate that in preferred habitat, Javan leopards have higher survivorship.  Preferences do not only correlate with suitability but also with security of habitat or vulnerability to human disturbances.},
	keywords = {habitat selection, leopard, Neu{\textquoteright}s index, panthera pardus melas, preference},
	author = {Hendra Gunawan and Lilik B Prasetyo and Ani Mardiastuti and Agus P. Kartono}
}
